高考英语阅读理解专题指导－事实细节题

　　③Which of the following maps gives the right position of the Channel Islands?

　　Br = Britain 　　 　　Fr = France 　　　　Ch = Channel Islands

　　[分析]C这是一道识图题。从第一段：The Channel Islands are a group of British-owned islands lying in the English Channel(海峡), 10 to 30 miles off the French coast, and 70 to 90 miles from the English coast.可以推断选项C正确地表达了The Channel Islands的位置

　　细节专题四：其它类型

　　例4：Tristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510miles southwest of its nearest neighbor, St. Helena, and 1,950miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral（葡萄牙海军上将）of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.

　　Coming in a close second –- and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant land － is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbor, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.

　　The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.

　　On Easter Sunday, 1772, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory （智利领土）. They share on street, a small airport, and a few hours of television per day.（2003年全国）

　　④It can be learned from the text that the island of Tristan da Cunha _____________.

　　A．was named after its discoverer B．got its name from Holland settlers

　　C．was named by the British government D．got its name from the Guinness Book of Records

　　[分析]本篇选材涉及地理，为我们介绍了两座最为偏远的小岛(farthest／most distant inhabited islands)，一为吉尼斯大全(Guinness Book of Records)所认定的Tristan da Cunha；另一为复活岛(Easter lsland)．代中出现了比较多的专有名词．

　　本题问及Tristan da Cunha小岛的命名．如能通过浏览把握本代篇章结构，则可看出，关于该岛的内容都在第1段：运用寻读(SCANNING)技巧可以找到与本题相关的线索 (关键词name)出现在该段结尾句里，通读全句可以得出答案：Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name (as the island)．．．，与选项A一致．[答案]  A

　　⑤Which of the following is most famous for moai?

　　A．Tristan da Cunha.    B．Pitcairn Island.． C. Easter Island. D．St. Helena.

　　[分析]本题涉及关于moai( = stone figures)的一个细节问题：其所在地．4个选项均为岛名，因此不能依此线索查找．要按题干中所问，从第3段里找到moai所在的岛；但这里仅提到 the island，循此线索往上追寻：(3段结尾)the island = (3段开头)the mountainous 64-squaremile sland = (2段中)Easter lsland，即为答案．[答案]  C

　　⑥Which country does Easter Island belong to?

　　A．Britain. B．Holland. C．Portugal. D．Chile.

　　[分析]本题考查复活岛今日的归属问题．题干提问中使用的现在时态也是不容忽视的．问的是“现在”情况，不是过去．第4段中间提到Today，．．．Chilean territory，与答案D吻合．

　　另外3个国家中，有的与此岛并不相干(A．Britain；C．Portugal)；有的则只是历史上的过客(B．Holland)．最大干扰项为B项．这些误选者显然只注意了短代结尾段中的On Easter Sunday，1722，however，settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name，却忽略了其中的时间因素，同样，也没能对于紧接此后的Today，2，000 people live on the Chilean territory予以足够关注，对于时态变化所传递的信息差异意识不够导致了这些考生在理解上的偏差，因而失误．[答案]D www.16qiuxue.com 　

　　例5：When she looked ahead. Florence Chadwick saw nothing but a solid wall of fog. Her body was numb. She had been swimming for nearly sixteen hours. Already she was the first woman to swim the English Channel in both directions. Now at the age of 34, her goal was to become the first woman to swim from Catalina to the California coast.

　　On that fourth of July morning 1952, the sea was like an ice bath and the fog was so dense. She could hardly see her support boats. Sharks cruised toward her figure, only to be driven away by rifle shots. Against the frigid grip of the sea, she struggled on, hour after hour, while millions watched on national television.

　　Alongside Florence in one of the boats, her mother and here trainer offered encouragement. They told her it wasn’t much farther. But all she could see was fog. They urged her not to quit. She never had… until then. With only a half mile to go, she asked to be pulled out.

　　⑦What does “she never had…”in the third paragraph mean?

　　A. She had never been so desperate.    B. She had never thought of giving it up.

　　C. She had never seen such thick fog.   D. She had never swum across the strait before.

　　[分析]根据上下代they urged her not to quit,以及with only a half mile to go, she asked to be pulled out. 可以推断出，她当时并没有想放弃，只不过是后来情况变化了。答案：B

　　例6：Decision-thinking is not unlike poker--- it often matters not only what you think , but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think . The mental process（过程） is similar . Naturally , this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are , by any standards , good thinkers .

　　The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory . In particular , he showed that all games fall into two classes ; there are what he called games of ‘perfect information’, games like chess where the players can't hide anything or play tricks ; they don't win by chance , but by means of logic and skills . Then there are games of ‘imperfect information’, like poker, in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another.

　　One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors（因素）, which would ever puzzle best poker players . But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance , and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess , not poker.

　　⑧An important factor in a game of imperfect information is _______.

　　A. rules       B. luck        C. time        D. ideas

　　[分析]短代第二段有这样一段说明：……游戏可分为两类，一种是被称为 “perfect information”的游戏，双方无法隐瞒或进行欺骗，他们不是靠碰巧获胜 （ …they don’t win by chance）。另一种则是 “imperfect information”的游戏，如打牌，游戏者不可能预先知道他出的这一道牌是否比另一道好。从作者的这种表达可以推断出，“imperfect information”游戏获胜的一个因素就是运气。因此选B。

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